--- title: Joshua 11:12 (JPS 1917) — And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, did Jo… · tree and pragmatics description: And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, did Joshua take, and he smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed them; as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. Who acts: Joshua, Moses. Joshua 11:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.277/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/) / [11:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.12/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 11:12 · JPS 1917 And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, did Joshua take, and he smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed them; as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. **Who acts:** Joshua, Moses · **What happens:** take, smite, destroy, command · **To what, where:** cities · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 11:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, Moses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:277 # text = And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, did Joshua take, and he smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed them; as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 2 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 4 det:predet _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 7 det _ _ 7 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 12 det:predet _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 16 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 smote smite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 destroyed destroy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 36 as as SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 37 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 servant servant NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 appos _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 43 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past · do-support | Joshua | all cities of that kings and all kings of cities | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | | 2 | **smite** | past | Joshua | cities *= city* | | | | with the edge of the sword | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with edge=Instrument | | 3 | **destroy** | past | Joshua *not said here* | cities *= city* | | | | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **command** | past | Moses | | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְֽאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִֽים־הָ֠אֵלֶּה וְֽאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֞ם לָכַ֧ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב הֶחֱרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ [Joshua 11:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:277` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 11:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.276/) - next →: [Joshua 11:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.278/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 11:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.12/)