---
title: Joshua 11:14 (JPS 1917) — And all the spoil of these cities, and the cattle, the children of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the spoil of these cities, and the cattle, the children of Israel took for a prey unto themselves; but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither left they any that breathed. Who acts: children, cities. Joshua 11:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency
---

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# Joshua 11:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all the spoil of these cities, and the cattle, the children of Israel took for a prey unto themselves; but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither left they any that breathed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, cities · **What happens:** take, smite, destroy, leave, breathe, spoil · **To what, where:** spoil, man, cities, any

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 11:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:279
# text = And all the spoil of these cities, and the cattle, the children of Israel took for a prey unto themselves; but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither left they any that breathed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
25	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	43	cc	_	_
43	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
45	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	43	obj	_	_
46	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	acl:relcl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the children of Israel | all spoil of this cities and the cattle |  |  |  | for a prey; unto cities *= city* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent spoil=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **smite** | past | children *= child* | every man |  |  |  | with the edge of the sword | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent man=Patient with edge=Instrument |
| 3 | **destroy** | past · perfect | children *= child* | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **leave** | past | cities *= city* | any |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Theme |
| 5 | **breathe** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **spoil** |  |  | this cities |  |  |  |  | nom spoil «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְ֠כֹל שְׁלַ֞ל הֶעָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֣ק אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃

[Joshua 11:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:279` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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