---
title: Joshua 11:19 (JPS 1917) — There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, sa… · tree and pragmatics
description: There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon; they took all in battle. Who acts: city, cities. Joshua 11:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 11:19 · JPS 1917

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There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon; they took all in battle.

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**Who acts:** city, cities · **What happens:** not be, make, take · **To what, where:** peace, all, battle

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This is Joshua 11:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:284
# text = There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon; they took all in battle.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	save	save	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Hivites	Hivites	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Gibeon	Gibeon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
25	all	all	PRON	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **be** | past | a city save the Hivites |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | a city save the Hivites | peace |  |  |  | with the children of Israel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peace=Product |
| 3 | **take** | past | cities *= city* | all |  | battle |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent all=Value in battle=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לֹֽא־הָיְתָ֣ה עִ֗יר אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִשְׁלִ֙ימָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלְתִּ֥י הַחִוִּ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י גִבְע֑וֹן אֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל לָקְח֥וּ בַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃

[Joshua 11:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:284` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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