---
title: Joshua 11:20 (JPS 1917) — For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israe… · tree and pragmatics
description: For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, that they might have no favour, but that they might be destroyed, as the LORD commanded Moses. Who acts: it, cities, LORD. Joshua 11:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Joshua 11:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, that they might have no favour, but that they might be destroyed, as the LORD commanded Moses.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, cities, LORD · **What happens:** be, harden, come, destroy, have, command · **To what, where:** hearts, battle, cities, favour, Moses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 11:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, cities, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:285
# text = For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, that they might have no favour, but that they might be destroyed, as the LORD commanded Moses.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	harden	harden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
23	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
30	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	31	det	_	_
31	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
43	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
44	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | of the LORD | tree rules |
| 2 | **harden** | to-infinitive |  | cities's hearts |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 3 | **come** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | battle |  | against Israel | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against israel=Location |
| 4 | **destroy** | might · passive |  | cities *= city* |  |  |  | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | might | cities *= city* | no favour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Patient |
| 6 | **destroy** | might · passive |  | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 7 | **command** | past | the LORD | Moses |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent moses=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ס

[Joshua 11:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:285` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Joshua 11:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.284/)
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- ↑ back to [Joshua 11:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.20/)