---
title: Joshua 12:7 (JPS 1917) — And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions; Who acts
---

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# Joshua 12:7 · JPS 1917

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And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;

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**Who acts:** these, Joshua, bare mountain · **What happens:** be, smite, go up, give · **To what, where:** kings, Baal, Seir, mountain

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 12:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, Joshua, bare mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:296
# text = And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
10	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
17	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	_
25	gad	gad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	even	even	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
32	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	goeth	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	acl:relcl	_	_
39	up	up	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Seir	Seir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
45	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
46	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obj	_	_
47	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
52	for	for	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
55	according	accord	ADP	VBG	_	58	case	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	55	fixed	_	_
57	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	divisions	division	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	_
59	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | these | the kings |  |  |  | of the land | tree rules |
| 2 | **smite** | past | Joshua and the children of Israel | the kings |  | Baal |  | beyond the Jordan; unto the bare mountain; westward *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus whom=Experiencer |
| 3 | **go up** | present | the bare mountain |  | Seir |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **give** | past | Joshua | mountain |  |  |  | unto the tribes of Israel; for a possession accord children's divisions | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent it=Theme for possession=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֵ֣לֶּה מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יָ֔מָּה מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד־הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק הָעֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֑ירָה וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃

[Joshua 12:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:296` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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