---
title: Joshua 13:31 (JPS 1917) — and half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom… · tree and pragmatics
description: and half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families. Who acts: Gilead. Joshua 13:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.346/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/13/) / [13:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.31/) / JPS 1

# Joshua 13:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gilead · **What happens:** be, accord

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 13:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gilead), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:346
# text = and half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
2	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	advmod	_	_
3	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Ashtaroth	Ashtaroth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Edrei	Edrei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Og	Og	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Bashan	Bashan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Machir	Machir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Manasseh	Manasseh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	even	even	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	24	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Machir	Machir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	44	case	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	fixed	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Gilead and Ashtaroth and Edrei |  |  |  |  | for the children; of Machir; for the half of the children of Machir; accord city's families | tree rules |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַחֲצִ֤י הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלְכ֥וּת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָׁ֑ן לִבְנֵ֤י מָכִיר֙ בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֥י בְנֵֽי־מָכִ֖יר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃

[Joshua 13:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.31/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:346` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Joshua 13:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.345/)
- next →: [Joshua 13:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.347/)
- ↑ back to [Joshua 13:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.31/)