---
title: Joshua 2:23 (JPS 1917) — Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and pass… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them. Who acts: two men, men. Joshua 2:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 2:23 · JPS 1917

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Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two men, men · **What happens:** return, descend, pass over, come, tell, befall · **To what, where:** mountain, Joshua, all, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 2:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two men, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:41
# text = Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	over	over	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Nun	Nun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	iobj	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	obj	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl:relcl	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the two men |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **descend** | past | the two men *not said here* |  |  | the mountain |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from mountain=Location |
| 3 | **pass over** | past | the two men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | the two men *not said here* |  |  | Joshua |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to joshua=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | men *= man* | all | Joshua |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient all=Topic |
| 6 | **befall** | past · perfect |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיֵּרְד֣וּ מֵֽהָהָ֔ר וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם׃

[Joshua 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:41` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Joshua 2:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.40/)
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