--- title: Joshua 3:1 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shitt… · tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over. Who acts: Joshua, they, children. Joshua 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/) / [3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.1/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 3:1 · JPS 1917 And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over. **Who acts:** Joshua, they, children · **What happens:** rise up, remove, come, lodge, pass over · **To what, where:** Shittim, Jordan This is Joshua 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, they, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:43 # text = And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 rose rise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADV RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 early early ADV RB Degree=Pos 3 advmod _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 removed remove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Shittim Shittim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 26 det:predet _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 lodged lodge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 33 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 32 advmod _ _ 34 before before SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 35 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 37 over over ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise up** | past | Joshua | | | | morning | early *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **remove** | past | they | | | Shittim | | | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from shittim=Source | | 3 | **come** | past | Joshua | | | the Jordan | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to jordan=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **lodge** | past | children *= child* | | | there | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **pass over** | past | children *= child* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ [Joshua 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:43` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.42/) - next →: [Joshua 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.44/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.1/)