--- title: Joshua 18:8 (JPS 1917) — And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to de… · tree and pragmatics description: And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying: 'Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come back to me, and I will cast lots for you here before the LORD in Shiloh.' Who acts: men, Joshua, I. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Joshua, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:467 # text = And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying: 'Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come back to me, and I will cast lots for you here before the LORD in Shiloh.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 arose arise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 charged charge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 14 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 describe describe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 advcl _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 23 Go go VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 walk walk VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 26 through through ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 describe describe VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 come come VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 36 back back ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 41 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 cast cast VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 44 lots lot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 45 for for ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ _ 47 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 43 advmod _ _ 48 before before ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Shiloh Shiloh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 nmod _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 54 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: other - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=other | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **arise** | past | the men | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **go** | past | the men *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **charge** | past | Joshua | men *= man* | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location they=Theme | | 4 | **go** | past | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **describe** | to-infinitive | | the land | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent land=Theme | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **go** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **walk** | infinitive | | | | the land | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through land=Trajectory | | 9 | **describe** | infinitive | | land | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 10 | **come back** | infinitive | | | me | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to i=Initial\_Location | | 11 | **cast** | future | I | lots | | here | before the LORD in Shiloh | for you | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lot=Product for you=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ אֶת־הַהֹלְכִים֩ לִכְתֹּ֨ב אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ וְכִתְב֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י וּ֠פֹה אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ לָכֶ֥ם גּוֹרָ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ [Joshua 18:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:467` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 18:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.466/) - next →: [Joshua 18:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.468/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 18:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.8/)