---
title: Joshua 18:12 (JPS 1917) — And their border on the north side was from the Jordan; and the bord… · tree and pragmatics
description: And their border on the north side was from the Jordan; and the border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill-country westward; and the goings out thereof were at the wilderness of Beth-aven. Who acts: border, goings. Joshua 18:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr
---

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# Joshua 18:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And their border on the north side was from the Jordan; and the border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill-country westward; and the goings out thereof were at the wilderness of Beth-aven.

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**Who acts:** border, goings · **What happens:** be, go up · **To what, where:** Jordan, north, hill country, wilderness

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 18:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (border, goings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:471
# text = And their border on the north side was from the Jordan; and the border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill-country westward; and the goings out thereof were at the wilderness of Beth-aven.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	up	up	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Jericho	Jericho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
29	up	up	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	through	through	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	_
34	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
35	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	goings	going	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
40	out	out	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
41	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
42	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
43	at	at	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
48	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	47	punct	_	_
49	aven	aven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | lots's border on the north side |  |  | the Jordan and the wilderness |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | past | the border |  |  | the north |  | to the side of Jericho | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **go up** | past | the border *not said here* |  |  | the hill country |  | westward *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | past | the goings |  |  | the wilderness |  | of Beth aven | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֧ם הַגְּב֛וּל לִפְאַ֥ת צָפ֖וֹנָה מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּבוּל֩ אֶל־כֶּ֨תֶף יְרִיח֜וֹ מִצָּפ֗וֹן וְעָלָ֤ה בָהָר֙ יָ֔מָּה וְהָיוּ֙ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו מִדְבַּ֖רָה בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃

[Joshua 18:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:471` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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