---
title: Joshua 19:35 (JPS 1917) — And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth; Who acts: fortified cities. Joshua 19:35 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 19:35 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fortified cities · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Ziddim zer

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This is Joshua 19:35 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fortified cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:525
# text = And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fortified	fortify	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	Ziddim	Ziddim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
8	zer	Ziddim-zer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Hammath	Hammath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Rakkath	Rakkath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Chinnereth	Chinnereth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the fortified cities | Ziddim zer and Hammath and Rakkath and Chinnereth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃

[Joshua 19:35: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.19.35/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:525` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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