---
title: Joshua 20:3 (JPS 1917) — that the manslayer that killeth any person through error and unaware… · tree and pragmatics
description: that the manslayer that killeth any person through error and unawares may flee thither; and they shall be unto you for a refuge from the avenger of blood. Who acts: manslayer, cities. Joshua 20:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 20:3 · JPS 1917

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that the manslayer that killeth any person through error and unawares may flee thither; and they shall be unto you for a refuge from the avenger of blood.

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**Who acts:** manslayer, cities · **What happens:** kill, flee, be · **To what, where:** person, error

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This is Joshua 20:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manslayer, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:545
# text = that the manslayer that killeth any person through error and unawares may flee thither; and they shall be unto you for a refuge from the avenger of blood.
1	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	manslayer	manslayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	killeth	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	unawares	unawares	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	conj	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	avenger	avenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present | the manslayer | any person |  | error |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **flee** | may | the manslayer |  |  |  |  | thither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | unto you; for a refuge from the avenger of blood | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֙מָּה֙ רוֹצֵ֔חַ מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה בִּבְלִי־דָ֑עַת וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְמִקְלָ֔ט מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם׃

[Joshua 20:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:545` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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