--- title: Joshua 20:4 (JPS 1917) — And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the e… · tree and pragmatics description: And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; and they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. Who acts: manslayer, cities. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manslayer, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:546 # text = And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; and they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 flee flee VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _ 9 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 stand stand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 14 at at ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 entrance entrance NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 declare declare VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 elders elder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 36 det _ _ 36 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 42 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ _ 43 into into ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 46 unto unto ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 conj _ _ 51 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 iobj _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 55 that that SCONJ IN _ 58 mark _ _ 56 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 57 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 dwell dwell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 advcl _ _ 59 among among ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 obl _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flee** | shall | manslayer | | | | | unto one of that cities | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **stand** | shall | manslayer *not said here* | | | the entrance of the gate of the city | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at entrance=Location | | 3 | **declare** *speech: other* | infinitive | manslayer *not said here* | manslayer's cause | | the ears of the elders of that city | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Attribute | | 4 | **take** | shall | cities *= city* | manslayer | | the city | | unto elders *= elder* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into city=Destination | | 5 | **give** | infinitive | cities *= city* *not said here* | a place | manslayer | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient place=Theme | | 6 | **dwell** | may | manslayer | | | | | among cities *= city* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among they=Location | | 7 | **cause** | | manslayer | | | | | | nom cause «event transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת ׀ מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽירהַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃ [Joshua 20:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:546` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 20:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.545/) - next →: [Joshua 20:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.547/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.4/)