---
title: Joshua 21:19 (JPS 1917) — All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen… · tree and pragmatics
description: All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with the open land about them. Who acts: cities. Joshua 21:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 21:19 · JPS 1917

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All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with the open land about them.

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**Who acts:** cities · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** thirteen cities

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This is Joshua 21:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:570
# text = All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with the open land about them.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	thirteen	thirteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	about	about	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | all cities of the children of Aaron | thirteen cities |  |  |  | with the open land about children | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּל־עָרֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ס

[Joshua 21:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.21.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:570` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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