---
title: Joshua 21:40 (JPS 1917) — All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to the… · tree and pragmatics
description: All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities. Who acts: these, lot. Joshua 21:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 21:40 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** these, lot · **What happens:** be, accord · **To what, where:** cities, twelve cities

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 21:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, lot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:591
# text = All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	2	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Merari	Merari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	case	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Levites	levite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	_
31	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | these | the cities and twelve cities |  |  |  | of the children of Merari; accord cities's families | tree rules |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | cities's lot | twelve cities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּל־הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים לִבְנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַיְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃

[Joshua 21:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.21.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:591` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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