---
title: Joshua 21:44 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that He sw… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that He swore unto their fathers; and there stood not a man of all their enemies against them; the LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand. Who acts: LORD, man. Joshua 21:44 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Joshua 21:44 · JPS 1917

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And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that He swore unto their fathers; and there stood not a man of all their enemies against them; the LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand.

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**Who acts:** LORD, man · **What happens:** give, accord, swear, not stand, deliver · **To what, where:** rest, cities, enemies, hand

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This is Joshua 21:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:595
# text = And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that He swore unto their fathers; and there stood not a man of all their enemies against them; the LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	round	round	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
30	against	against	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
36	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	38	det:predet	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
39	into	into	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the LORD | rest | cities *= city* |  |  | accord all; about *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient rest=Theme |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **swear** | past | LORD |  |  |  |  | unto cities's fathers | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **stand** | past | a man of cities's enemies |  |  | there |  | against cities *= city* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against they=Location |
| 5 | **deliver** | past | the LORD | cities's enemies |  | cities's hand |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֨נַח יְהוָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם׃

[Joshua 21:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.21.44/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:595` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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