--- title: Joshua 22:28 (JPS 1917) — Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our gen… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you. Who acts: we, children, fathers, al --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.625/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/) / [22:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.28/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 22:28 · JPS 1917 Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you. **Who acts:** we, children, fathers, altar · **What happens:** say, come, behold, make, be, pattern · **To what, where:** us, pattern, LORD, witness · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 22:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, children, fathers, altar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:625 # text = Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 5 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 when when SCONJ WRB _ 12 mark _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ _ 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 that that SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _ 28 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 29 Behold Behold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 ccomp _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 pattern pattern NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 altar altar NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 39 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 obj _ _ 40 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 fathers father NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 42 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 acl:relcl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 44 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 48 advmod _ _ 45 for for ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 burnt burn ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 47 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 48 punct _ _ 48 offering offering NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 50 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 52 cc _ _ 51 for for ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 sacrifice sacrifice NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 53 ; ; PUNCT : _ 58 punct _ _ 54 but but CCONJ CC _ 58 cc _ _ 55 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 56 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 58 cop _ _ 57 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 58 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 59 between between ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 58 nmod _ _ 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 62 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 60 conj _ _ 63 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | we | | | | | therefore *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | children *= child* | | us | | time | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient | | 3 | **come** | to-infinitive | children *= child* *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | we | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **behold** | infinitive | | the pattern of the altar of the LORD | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pattern=Stimulus | | 6 | **make** | past | our fathers | the LORD | | | | for burnt offering nor sacrifice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent which=Product for offering=Asset | | 7 | **is a** | present | altar | a witness | | | | between us | tree rules | | 8 | **pattern** | | the altar of the LORD | | | | | | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַנֹּ֕אמֶר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛ינוּ וְאֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖ינוּ מָחָ֑ר וְאָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ [Joshua 22:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:625` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 22:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.624/) - next →: [Joshua 22:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.626/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 22:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.28/)