---
title: Joshua 4:4 (JPS 1917) — Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the child… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man; Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 4:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.63/)

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# Joshua 4:4 · JPS 1917

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Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man;

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**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** call, prepare · **To what, where:** twelve men, tribe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 4:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:63
# text = Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man;
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Joshua |  | the twelve men |  | then |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
| 2 | **prepare** | past · perfect | Joshua | the twelve men |  | every tribe |  | of the children of Israel | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵכִ֖ין מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃

[Joshua 4:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:63` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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