---
title: Joshua 22:34 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar — : 'for it is a witness between us that the LORD is God.' Who acts: children, it, LORD. Joshua 22:34 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 22:34 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar — : 'for it is a witness between us that the LORD is God.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, it, LORD · **What happens:** call, be · **To what, where:** altar, witness, God · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 22:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, it, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:631
# text = And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar — : 'for it is a witness between us that the LORD is God.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Reuben	Reuben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Gad	Gad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
22	between	between	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	ccomp	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | the children of Reuben and the children of Gad | the altar |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent altar=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | a witness |  |  |  | between us | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the LORD | God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כִּ֣י עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃פ

[Joshua 22:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:631` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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