---
title: Joshua 23:2 (JPS 1917) — that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their he… · tree and pragmatics
description: that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years. Who acts: Joshua, I. Joshua 23:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 23:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years.

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**Who acts:** Joshua, I · **What happens:** call, say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 23:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:633
# text = that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years.
1	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	ccomp	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	36	advmod	_	_
36	stricken	stricken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	conj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  | for all Israel; for enemies's elders and enemies's heads and enemies's judges and enemies's officers | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for israel=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto enemies *= enemy* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | I *not said here* |  |  |  | year | well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְקֵנָיו֙ וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֲנִ֣י זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים׃

[Joshua 23:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.23.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:633` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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