---
title: Joshua 24:2 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God o… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods. Who acts: Joshua, LORD, fathers. Joshua 24:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and
---

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# Joshua 24:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joshua, LORD, fathers · **What happens:** say, dwell, serve · **To what, where:** River, other gods · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 24:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, LORD, fathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:649
# text = And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	even	even	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	Terah	Terah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Nahor	Nahor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
47	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obj	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  | unto all people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **dwell** | past | Your fathers |  |  | the River | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beyond river=Location |
| 4 | **serve** | past | fathers *= father* | other gods |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃

[Joshua 24:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:649` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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