---
title: Joshua 24:7 (JPS 1917) — And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you a… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days. Who acts: Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I. Joshua 24:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree
---

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# Joshua 24:7 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.

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**Who acts:** Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I, ye · **What happens:** cry out, put, bring, cover, see, do · **To what, where:** darkness, sea, Egyptians, Egypt, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 24:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:654
# text = And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Egyptians	egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
34	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	36	obj	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	ccomp	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	nsubj	_	_
42	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
46	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl:unmarked	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | Egyptians |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | past | LORD | darkness |  |  |  | between you | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent darkness=Theme between you=Destination |
| 3 | **bring** | past | LORD *not said here* | the sea |  |  |  | upon Egyptians | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent sea=Theme |
| 4 | **cover** | past | LORD *not said here* | Egyptians |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination |
| 5 | **see** | past | your eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **do** | past | I |  |  | Egypt |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 7 | **dwell** | past | ye |  |  | the wilderness | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wilderness=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃

[Joshua 24:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:654` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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