---
title: Joshua 24:9 (JPS 1917) — Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel; and he sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you. Who acts: Balak. Joshua 24:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 24:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel; and he sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Balak · **What happens:** arise, fight, send, call, curse · **To what, where:** Balaam, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 24:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Balak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:656
# text = Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel; and he sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
2	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Zippor	Zippor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
12	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
23	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Beor	Beor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	curse	curse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | Balak |  |  |  | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Balak *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against Israel | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **send** | past | Balak |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | past | Balak *not said here* |  | Balaam |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent balaam=Recipient |
| 5 | **curse** | to-infinitive | Balak *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֨קָם בָּלָ֤ק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א לְבִלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר לְקַלֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶֽם׃

[Joshua 24:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:656` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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