---
title: Joshua 24:12 (JPS 1917) — And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before y… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow. Who acts: I, hornet. Joshua 24:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.659/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / [24:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.12/) / JPS 1

# Joshua 24:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, hornet · **What happens:** send, drive out · **To what, where:** hornet, men

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 24:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, hornet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:659
# text = And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hornet	hornet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Amorites	Amorites	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	not	not	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	33	cc	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | I | the hornet |  |  | before you | with thy sword nor thy bow | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hornet=Theme |
| 2 | **drive out** | past | the hornet | men *= man* |  |  |  | from you; the two kings of the Amorites *obl* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme from you=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ׃

[Joshua 24:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.12/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:659` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Joshua 24:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.658/)
- next →: [Joshua 24:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.660/)
- ↑ back to [Joshua 24:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.12/)