--- title: Joshua 24:22 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua said unto the people: 'Ye are witnesses against yourselve… · tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua said unto the people: 'Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve Him. — And they said: 'We are witnesses.' — Who acts: Joshua, Ye, people, We. Joshua 24:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.669/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / [24:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.22/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 24:22 · JPS 1917 And Joshua said unto the people: 'Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve Him. — And they said: 'We are witnesses.' — **Who acts:** Joshua, Ye, people, We · **What happens:** say, be, choose, serve · **To what, where:** witnesses, LORD, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 24:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, Ye, people, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:669 # text = And Joshua said unto the people: 'Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve Him. — And they said: 'We are witnesses.' — 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 9 Ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 11 nsubj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 witnesses witness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ _ 12 against against ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 yourselves yourselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 11 obl _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 15 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 nsubj _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 chosen choose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 ccomp _ _ 18 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 iobj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 serve serve VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 advcl _ _ 24 Him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 26 — - PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 And and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 30 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 32 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 witnesses witness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 ccomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 34 punct _ _ 36 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 37 — - PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua | | | | | unto the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | Ye | witnesses | | | | against yourselves | tree rules | | 3 | **choose** | present · perfect | ye | the LORD | you | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary lord=Theme | | 4 | **serve** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | LORD | | | | | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Attribute | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | people | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | present | We | witnesses | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים׃ [Joshua 24:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.22/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:669` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.668/) - next →: [Joshua 24:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.670/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.22/)