--- title: Joshua 4:8 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up t… · tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as the LORD spoke unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.67/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / [4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.8/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 4:8 · JPS 1917 And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as the LORD spoke unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there. **Who acts:** children, Joshua, LORD · **What happens:** do, command, take up, speak, accord, carry over · **To what, where:** twelve stones, midst, stones, children · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, Joshua, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:67 # text = And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as the LORD spoke unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 so so ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 as as SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 9 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 twelve twelve NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 out out ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 midst midst NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 as as SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 29 unto unto ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 case _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 32 fixed _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 tribes tribe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 46 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 48 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 obj _ _ 49 over over ADP RP _ 47 compound:prt _ _ 50 with with ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 obl _ _ 52 unto unto ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 55 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 57 advmod _ _ 56 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 nsubj _ _ 57 lodged lodge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 acl:relcl _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 laid lay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 conj _ _ 61 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 60 obj _ _ 62 down down ADP RP _ 60 compound:prt _ _ 63 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 60 advmod _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | past | the children of Israel | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **command** | past | Joshua | | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **take up** | past | the children of Israel *not said here* | twelve stones | | the midst of the Jordan | | accord the number of the tribes of the children of Israel | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent stone=Theme out midst=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the LORD | | | | | unto Joshua | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **carry over** | past | children *= child* | stones *= stone* | | | | with stones *= stone*; unto the place | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 7 | **lodge** | past | children *= child* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **lay down** | past | children *= child* *not said here* | children *= child* | | there | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לכַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃ [Joshua 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:67` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.66/) - next →: [Joshua 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.68/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.8/)