---
title: Joshua 4:11 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, tha… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people. Who acts: thing, ark. Joshua 4:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 4:11 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thing, ark · **What happens:** come, pass, pass over, pass on

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 4:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, ark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:70
# text = And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	clean	clean	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
13	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	before	before	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | thing |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass over** | past · passive | thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **pass on** | past | the ark of the LORD and the priests |  |  |  | before the people |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֛י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַֽעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃

[Joshua 4:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:70` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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