---
title: Joshua 4:13 (JPS 1917) — about forty thousand ready armed for war passed on in the presence o… · tree and pragmatics
description: about forty thousand ready armed for war passed on in the presence of the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho. Who acts: forty thousand. Joshua 4:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 4:13 · JPS 1917

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about forty thousand ready armed for war passed on in the presence of the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.

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**Who acts:** forty thousand · **What happens:** pass on · **To what, where:** presence

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This is Joshua 4:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forty thousand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:72
# text = about forty thousand ready armed for war passed on in the presence of the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.
1	about	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	_
3	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nsubj	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Jericho	Jericho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass on** | past | forty thousand |  |  | the presence of the LORD |  | unto battle; to the plains of Jericho | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to plain=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א עָבְר֞וּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֶ֖ל עַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ס

[Joshua 4:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:72` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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