---
title: Joshua 4:20 (JPS 1917) — And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Josh… · tree and pragmatics
description: And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal. Who acts: stones, Joshua. Joshua 4:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.79/)

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# Joshua 4:20 · JPS 1917

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And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.

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**Who acts:** stones, Joshua · **What happens:** take out, set up · **To what, where:** twelve stones, Jordan, Gilgal

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This is Joshua 4:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stones, Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:79
# text = And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Gilgal	Gilgal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take out** | past | stones *= stone* | that twelve stones |  | the Jordan |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **set up** | past · do-support | Joshua | that twelve stones |  | Gilgal |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in gilgal=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃

[Joshua 4:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:79` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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