---
title: Joshua 1:9 (JPS 1917) — Have not I commanded thee? · tree and pragmatics
description: Have not I commanded thee? Who acts: I. Joshua 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 1:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Have not I commanded thee?

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** not command · **To what, where:** thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 1:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:8
# text = Have not I commanded thee?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **command** | present · perfect | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃פ

[Joshua 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.9/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Have not I commanded thee?**
2. [Be strong and of good courage; be not affrighted, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:8` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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