--- title: Joshua 5:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were b… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart me --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.84/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/) / [5:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.1/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 5:1 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel. **Who acts:** it, kings, LORD, heart, spirit · **What happens:** come, pass, be, hear, dry up, pass over · **To what, where:** waters, kings · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 5:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, kings, LORD, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:84 # text = And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 36 mark _ _ 8 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 10 det:predet _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Amorites Amorite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 beyond beyond ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ _ 20 westward westward ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 25 det:predet _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Canaanites Canaanite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 31 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 by by ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 acl:relcl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 36 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 37 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 42 advmod _ _ 38 that that SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 41 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 dried dry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 36 ccomp _ _ 43 up up ADP RP _ 42 compound:prt _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obj _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 nmod _ _ 49 from from ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 50 before before ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 55 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 56 until until SCONJ IN _ 59 mark _ _ 57 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj:pass _ _ 58 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 59 aux:pass _ _ 59 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 advcl _ _ 60 over over ADP RP _ 59 compound:prt _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 65 punct _ _ 62 that that SCONJ IN _ 65 mark _ _ 63 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 nsubj _ _ 65 melted melt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 66 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 67 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 68 cc _ _ 68 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 65 conj _ _ 69 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 68 expl _ _ 70 spirit spirit NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nsubj _ _ 71 in in ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 72 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 70 nmod _ _ 73 any any ADV RB _ 74 advmod _ _ 74 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 68 advmod _ _ 75 , , PUNCT , _ 79 punct _ _ 76 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 79 case _ _ 77 of of ADP IN _ 76 fixed _ _ 78 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 79 det _ _ 79 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 68 obl _ _ 80 of of ADP IN _ 81 case _ _ 81 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 79 nmod _ _ 82 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | it | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | all kings of the Amorites and all kings of the Canaanites | | | | | beyond the Jordan; westward *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | past | all kings of the Canaanites | | | | | by the sea | tree rules | | 5 | **hear** | past | all kings of the Amorites and all kings of the Canaanites | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 6 | **dry up** | past · perfect | the LORD | the waters of the Jordan | | | | from the children of Israel | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient water=Result | | 7 | **pass over** | past · passive | | kings *= king* | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | | 8 | **melt** | past | kings's heart | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 9 | **be** | past | spirit in kings | | | there | | because the children of Israel | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ס [Joshua 5:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:84` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.83/) - next →: [Joshua 5:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.85/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 5:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.1/)