---
title: Joshua 5:3 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua made him knives of flint, and circumcised the children of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joshua made him knives of flint, and circumcised the children of Israel at Gibeath-ha-araloth. Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 5:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 5:3 · JPS 1917

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And Joshua made him knives of flint, and circumcised the children of Israel at Gibeath-ha-araloth.

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**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** make, circumcise · **To what, where:** knives, LORD, children, ha araloth

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This is Joshua 5:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:86
# text = And Joshua made him knives of flint, and circumcised the children of Israel at Gibeath-ha-araloth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	circumcised	circumcise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	Gibeath	Gibeath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	_
18	ha	ha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	_
20	araloth	araloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Joshua | knives of flint | LORD |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary knife=Product |
| 2 | **circumcise** | past | Joshua *not said here* | the children of Israel |  | ha araloth |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent child=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃

[Joshua 5:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:86` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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