--- title: Malachi 1:2 (JPS 1917) — Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's broth… · tree and pragmatics description: Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob; Who acts: ye, Thou, Esau, LORD. Malachi 1:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/1/) / [1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.2/) / JPS 2 # Malachi 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob; **Who acts:** ye, Thou, Esau, LORD, I · **What happens:** say, love, not be · **To what, where:** us, brother, Jacob · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Malachi 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, Thou, Esau, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:MAL:2 # text = Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob; 1 Yet yet CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 3 nsubj _ _ 3 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 6 Wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 7 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 9 nsubj _ _ 9 loved love VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 10 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 12 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 13 Was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 14 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 15 Esau Esau PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod:poss _ _ 17 's 's PART POS _ 16 case _ _ 18 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 19 ? ? PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ 20 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 loved love VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 27 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | ye | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **love** | present · perfect | Thou | us | | | | wherein *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus | | 3 | **not** **is a** | past | Esau | Jacob's brother | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **love** | past | I | Jacob | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jacob=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑נוּ הֲלוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃ [Malachi 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.2/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. [I have loved you, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.1/) 2. **Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob;** **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:2` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Malachi 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.1/) - next →: [Malachi 1:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.3/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.2/)