--- title: Malachi 2:3 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung u… · tree and pragmatics description: Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it. Who acts: I, your. Malachi 2:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/2/) / [2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.3/) / JPS 1 # Malachi 2:3 · JPS 1917 Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it. **Who acts:** I, your · **What happens:** rebuke, spread, take away, hurt, sacrifice · **To what, where:** seed, dung, faces, ye This is Malachi 2:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:MAL:22 # text = Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it. 1 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 5 discourse _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 4 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 rebuke rebuke VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 seed seed NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 hurt hurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 15 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 upon upon ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 even even ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 appos _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 32 away away ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 unto unto ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rebuke** | future | I | the seed | | | | for your hurt | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent seed=Theme for hurt=Attribute | | 2 | **spread** | future | I *not said here* | dung | | your faces | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dung=Theme upon face=Destination | | 3 | **take away** | shall · passive | | ye | | | | unto dung; away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **hurt** | | your | | | | | | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent | | 5 | **sacrifice** | | your | | | | | | nom sacrifice «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו׃ [Malachi 2:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:22` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Malachi 2:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.21/) - next →: [Malachi 2:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.23/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.3/)