---
title: Malachi 1:3 (JPS 1917) — But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness. Who acts: I. Malachi 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/1/) / [1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.3/) / JPS 1

# Malachi 1:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** hate, make, give · **To what, where:** Esau, mountains, heritage, jackals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Malachi 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MAL:3
# text = But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	heritage	heritage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | past | I | Esau |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer esau=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past | I *not said here* | Esau's mountains |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mountain=Product |
| 3 | **give** | past | I *not said here* | Esau's heritage | the jackals of the wilderness |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent heritage=Theme to jackal=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃

[Malachi 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.3/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:3` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Malachi 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.2/)
- next →: [Malachi 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.4/)
- ↑ back to [Malachi 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.3/)