--- title: Malachi 2:10 (JPS 1917) — Hath not one God created us? · tree and pragmatics description: Hath not one God created us? Who acts: one God. Malachi 2:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.30/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/2/) / [2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.10/) / JPS 2 # Malachi 2:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 Hath not one God created us? **Who acts:** one God · **What happens:** not create · **To what, where:** us This is Malachi 2:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:MAL:30 # text = Hath not one God created us? 1 Hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 2 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 created create VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ _ 7 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **create** | present | one God | us | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ [Malachi 2:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.10/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. [Have we not all one father?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.29/) 2. **Hath not one God created us?** 3. [Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:30` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Malachi 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.29/) - next →: [Malachi 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.31/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.10/)