--- title: Malachi 2:11 (JPS 1917) — Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in I… · tree and pragmatics description: Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, and hath married the daughter of a strange god. Who acts: Judah. Malachi 2:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/2/) / [2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.11/) / JPS 1 # Malachi 2:11 · JPS 1917 Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, and hath married the daughter of a strange god. **Who acts:** Judah · **What happens:** deal, commit, profane, love, marry · **To what, where:** abomination, Israel, holiness, daughter This is Malachi 2:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:MAL:32 # text = Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, and hath married the daughter of a strange god. 1 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 dealt deal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 treacherously treacherously ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 7 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 abomination abomination NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 committed commit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 17 for for SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 19 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 profaned profane VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 holiness holiness NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 obj _ _ 27 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 loveth love VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 married marry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 conj _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 strange strange ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 god god NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deal** | present · perfect | Judah | | | | | treacherously *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **commit** | present · passive | | a abomination | | Israel and Jerusalem | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in israel=Destination | | 3 | **profane** | present · perfect | Judah | the holiness of the LORD | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **love** | present | Judah | the holiness of the LORD | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | | 5 | **marry** | present · perfect | Judah *not said here* | the daughter of a strange god | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃ [Malachi 2:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.11/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:32` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Malachi 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.31/) - next →: [Malachi 2:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.33/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.11/)