---
title: Malachi 2:15 (JPS 1917) — And not one hath done so who had exuberance of spirit! · tree and pragmatics
description: And not one hath done so who had exuberance of spirit! Who acts: one, spirit. Malachi 2:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Malachi 2:15 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3

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And not one hath done so who had exuberance of spirit!

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**Who acts:** one, spirit · **What happens:** do, have, exuberate · **To what, where:** exuberance

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This is Malachi 2:15 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MAL:36
# text = And not one hath done so who had exuberance of spirit!
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
4	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	exuberance	exuberance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · perfect | one |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | exuberance of spirit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exuberance=Patient |
| 3 | **exuberate** |  | spirit |  |  |  |  |  | nom exuberance «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְלֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּשְׁאָ֥ר ר֙וּחַ֙ ל֔וֹ וּמָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ בְּר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם וּבְאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֖יךָ אַל־יִבְגֹּֽד׃

[Malachi 2:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.15/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **And not one hath done so who had exuberance of spirit!**
2. [For what seeketh the one? a seed given of God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.37/)
3. [Therefore take heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:36` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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