---
title: Malachi 3:5 (JPS 1917) — And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witne… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not
---

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# Malachi 3:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, saith the LORD of hosts.

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**Who acts:** I, that, LORD · **What happens:** come, be, oppress, turn, not fear, say · **To what, where:** you, judgment, swift witness, hireling, wages, stranger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Malachi 3:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, that, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MAL:48
# text = And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, saith the LORD of hosts.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sorcerers	sorcerer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	adulterers	adulterer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	against	against	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	swearers	swearer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	against	against	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	nmod	_	_
35	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	oppress	oppress	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	hireling	hireling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	fatherless	fatherless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	_
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	52	nsubj	_	_
52	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
53	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obj	_	_
56	from	from	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
60	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
61	fear	fear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
62	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	61	advmod	_	_
63	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	61	obj	_	_
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
65	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
67	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	nsubj	_	_
68	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	67	nmod	_	_
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future | I |  | you | judgment |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to you=Initial\_Location to judgment=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | future | I | a swift witness |  |  |  | against the sorcerers and the adulterers and false swearers; against those | tree rules |
| 3 | **oppress** | present |  | the hireling and the widow and the fatherless |  | messenger's wages |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **turn** | present | that | the stranger |  | messenger's right |  | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stranger=Theme from right=Trajectory |
| 5 | **not** **fear** | present |  | Me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃

[Malachi 3:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MAL:48` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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