---
title: Micah 1:1 (JPS 1917) — THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days o… · tree and pragmatics
description: THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. Who acts: WORD, Judah. Micah 1:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Micah 1:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** WORD, Judah · **What happens:** come, see, word · **To what, where:** Micah, LORD

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Micah 1:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (WORD, Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MIC:0
# text = THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.
1	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	WORD	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Micah	Micah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Morashtite	Morashtite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Jotham	Jotham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Ahaz	Ahaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
30	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the WORD of the LORD |  |  | Micah | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to micah=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | Judah | the LORD |  |  |  | concern Samaria and Jerusalem | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 3 | **word** |  |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־מִיכָה֙ הַמֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י בִּימֵ֥י יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־חָזָ֥ה עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וִירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[Micah 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:0` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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