---
title: Micah 7:8 (JPS 1917) — Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; though I am fallen, I shall ar… · tree and pragmatics
description: Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; though I am fallen, I shall arise; though I sit in darkness, the LORD is a light unto me. Who acts: you, I, LORD. Micah 7:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Micah 7:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; though I am fallen, I shall arise; though I sit in darkness, the LORD is a light unto me.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, LORD · **What happens:** not rejoice, fall, arise, sit, be · **To what, where:** I, darkness, light

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Micah 7:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MIC:105
# text = Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; though I am fallen, I shall arise; though I sit in darkness, the LORD is a light unto me.
1	Rejoice	rejoice	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
7	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
10	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	arise	arise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
19	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=other, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rejoice** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against me; mine enemy *vocative* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **fall** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **arise** | shall | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sit** | present | I |  |  | darkness |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in darkness=Location |
| 5 | **is a** | present | the LORD | a light |  |  |  | unto me | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י אֹיַ֙בְתִּי֙ לִ֔י כִּ֥י נָפַ֖לְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי כִּֽי־אֵשֵׁ֣ב בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ יְהוָ֖ה א֥וֹר לִֽי׃ס

[Micah 7:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.7.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:105` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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