---
title: Micah 2:1 (JPS 1917) — Woe to them that devise iniquity and work evil upon their beds! · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe to them that devise iniquity and work evil upon their beds! Who acts: Woe. Micah 2:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Micah 2:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Woe to them that devise iniquity and work evil upon their beds!

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**Who acts:** Woe · **What happens:** devise, work · **To what, where:** iniquity, evil

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This is Micah 2:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MIC:18
# text = Woe to them that devise iniquity and work evil upon their beds!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	devise	devise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=express

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **devise** | present | Woe to them | iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | present | Woe to them *not said here* | evil |  |  |  | upon their beds | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent evil=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֧וֹי חֹֽשְׁבֵי־אָ֛וֶן וּפֹ֥עֲלֵי רָ֖ע עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָ֑ם בְּא֤וֹר הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ יַעֲשׂ֔וּהָ כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־לְאֵ֖ל יָדָֽם׃

[Micah 2:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.2.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Woe to them that devise iniquity and work evil upon their beds!**
2. [When the morning is light, they execute it, because it is in the power of their hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:18` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Micah 1:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.17/)
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