---
title: Micah 3:1 (JPS 1917) — And I said: Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and rulers of the h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I said: Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel: is it not for you to know justice? Who acts: I, house. Micah 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Micah 3:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I said: Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel: is it not for you to know justice?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, house · **What happens:** say, hear, pray, not be · **To what, where:** you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Micah 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, house), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MIC:36
# text = And I said: Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel: is it not for you to know justice?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	vocative	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
31	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
32	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | ye's heads of Jacob and rulers of the house of Israel *vocative* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pray** | present | I | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | house |  |  |  |  | know *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאֹמַ֗ר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲל֣וֹא לָכֶ֔ם לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃

[Micah 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.3.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:36` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Micah 2:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.35/)
- next →: [Micah 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.37/)
- ↑ back to [Micah 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.3.1/)