--- title: Micah 4:3 (JPS 1917) — And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning… · tree and pragmatics description: And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Who acts: Jacob, nations, nation. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.51/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/4/) / [4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.3/) / JPS 1 # Micah 4:3 · JPS 1917 And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. **Who acts:** Jacob, nations, nation · **What happens:** judge, decide, beat, not lift up, learn · **To what, where:** swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war This is Micah 4:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jacob, nations, nation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:MIC:51 # text = And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 judge judge VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 between between ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 decide decide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 12 concerning concerning ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 15 afar afar ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 off off ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 20 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 beat beat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 swords sword NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 into into ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 plowshares plowshare NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 spears spear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 30 into into ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 pruninghooks pruninghook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 33 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 36 advmod _ _ 36 lift lift VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 37 up up ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ _ 38 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 against against ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 42 neither neither CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 43 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ _ 46 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 47 any any ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 48 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 45 advmod _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **judge** | shall | Jacob | | | | | between many peoples | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **decide** | shall | Jacob *not said here* | | | | | concerning mighty nations; off *property* | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **beat** | shall | nations *= nation* | nations's swords and nations's spears into pruninghooks | | plowshares | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sword=Patient into plowshare=Recipient | | 4 | **not** **lift up** | shall | nation | sword | | nation | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sword=Theme against nation=Destination | | 5 | **learn** | shall | nations *= nation* | war | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ לְגוֹיִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָח֑וֹק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גּ֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ [Micah 4:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:51` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Micah 4:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.50/) - next →: [Micah 4:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.52/) - ↑ back to [Micah 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.3/)