---
title: Micah 5:1 (JPS 1917) — But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the tho… · tree and pragmatics
description: But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days. Who acts: thou, goings. Micah 5:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Micah 5:1 · JPS 1917

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But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.

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**Who acts:** thou, goings · **What happens:** be, come · **To what, where:** thee, ruler, Israel

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This is Micah 5:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, goings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:MIC:64
# text = But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	_
6	lehem	lehem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
7	Ephrathah	Ephrathah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
14	among	among	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	xcomp	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	obl	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nsubj	_	_
25	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
26	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
33	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	acl:relcl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
37	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	goings	going	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
39	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
40	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	parataxis	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | little *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | among the thousands; of Judah | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | shall | thou |  |  | thee |  | unto Me; forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out thou=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is a** | present | thou *not said here* | ruler |  | Israel |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | goings |  |  |  | day | old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַתָּ֞ה בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם אֶפְרָ֗תָה צָעִיר֙ לִֽהְיוֹת֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמְּךָ֙ לִ֣י יֵצֵ֔א לִֽהְי֥וֹת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו מִקֶּ֖דֶם מִימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃

[Micah 5:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.5.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:MIC:64` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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