--- title: Nahum 1:12 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise m… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. Who acts: LORD, hills, I. Nahum 1:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/1/) / [1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.12/) / JPS 1 # Nahum 1:12 · JPS 1917 Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. **Who acts:** LORD, hills, I · **What happens:** say, be, cut down, pass away, afflict · **To what, where:** full strength, hills, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Nahum 1:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, hills, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NAM:15 # text = Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 6 Though though SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 8 be be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 strength strength NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 advcl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 likewise likewise ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 even even ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 19 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 ccomp _ _ 23 down down ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 29 away away ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 32 though though SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 afflicted afflict VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 advcl _ _ 36 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 obj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 afflict afflict VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 41 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 40 obj _ _ 42 no no ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 40 advmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** | present | hills *= hill* | | | full strength | | | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | hills *= hill* *not said here* | | | | | likewise *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **cut down** | shall · passive | | hills *= hill* | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 5 | **pass away** | shall | LORD | | | | | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **afflict** | present · perfect | I | thee | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer | | 7 | **afflict** | future | I | thee | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֽוֹד׃ [Nahum 1:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:15` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nahum 1:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.14/) - next →: [Nahum 1:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.16/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.12/)