--- title: Nahum 2:4 (JPS 1917) — The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in sca… · tree and pragmatics description: The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver. Who acts: valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD. Nahum 2:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/) / JPS 1 # Nahum 2:4 · JPS 1917 The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver. **Who acts:** valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD · **What happens:** make, be, quiver, prepare · **To what, where:** shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears This is Nahum 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NAM:22 # text = The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 shield shield NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 xcomp _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 valiant valiant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 14 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 scarlet scarlet NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 chariots chariot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 steel steel NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 preparation preparation NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 cypress cypress NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 spears spear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 quiver quiver VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 xcomp _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | the shield of LORD's mighty men | | | | red *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **is** | present | the valiant men | | | scarlet | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | the chariots | fire | | | day | of steel | tree rules | | 4 | **make** | present · passive | | the cypress spears | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **quiver** | to-infinitive | the cypress spears *not said here* | | | | | | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **prepare** | | LORD | | | | | | nom preparation «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃ [Nahum 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:22` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.21/) - next →: [Nahum 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.23/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/)