---
title: Nahum 2:5 (JPS 1917) — The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against anot… · tree and pragmatics
description: The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings. Who acts: chariots, appearance. Nahum 2:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 2:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings.

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**Who acts:** chariots, appearance · **What happens:** rush, jostle, be, run · **To what, where:** streets, one, broad places

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Nahum 2:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chariots, appearance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:23
# text = The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rush	rush	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	madly	madly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	jostle	jostle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	one	one	PRON	CD	PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	parataxis	_	_
29	to	to	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	fro	fro	ADV	RB	_	29	conj	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	lightnings	lightning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** | present | the chariots |  |  | the streets |  | madly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in street=Trajectory |
| 2 | **jostle** | present | chariots *= chariot* | one |  | the broad places |  | against another | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the appearance of chariots |  |  |  |  | like torches | tree rules |
| 4 | **run** | present | chariots *= chariot* |  |  |  |  | like the lightnings | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ׃

[Nahum 2:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:23` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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