---
title: Nahum 2:9 (JPS 1917) — But Nineveh hath been from of old like a pool of water; yet they fle… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Nineveh hath been from of old like a pool of water; yet they flee away; 'Stand, stand'; but none looketh back. Who acts: Nineveh, handmaids, none. Nahum 2:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 2:9 · JPS 1917

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But Nineveh hath been from of old like a pool of water; yet they flee away; 'Stand, stand'; but none looketh back.

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**Who acts:** Nineveh, handmaids, none · **What happens:** be, flee away, stand, look back

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This is Nahum 2:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nineveh, handmaids, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:27
# text = But Nineveh hath been from of old like a pool of water; yet they flee away; 'Stand, stand'; but none looketh back.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	old	old	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	flee	flee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	parataxis	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	27	nsubj	_	_
27	looketh	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
28	back	back	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | Nineveh |  |  |  |  | of old; like a pool of water | tree rules |
| 2 | **flee away** | present | handmaids *= handmaid* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **look back** | present | none |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְנִינְוֵ֥ה כִבְרֵֽכַת־מַ֖יִם מִ֣ימֵי הִ֑יא וְהֵ֣מָּה נָסִ֔ים עִמְד֥וּ עֲמֹ֖דוּ וְאֵ֥ין מַפְנֶֽה׃

[Nahum 2:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:27` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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