--- title: Nahum 2:11 (JPS 1917) — She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the kn… · tree and pragmatics description: She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness. Who acts: end, heart, knees, convulsion. Nahum 2:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.29/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / [2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.11/) / JPS 1 # Nahum 2:11 · JPS 1917 She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness. **Who acts:** end, heart, knees, convulsion, faces · **What happens:** be, melt, smite, gather · **To what, where:** loins, blackness This is Nahum 2:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (end, heart, knees, convulsion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NAM:29 # text = She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness. 1 She she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 empty empty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 void void ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 waste waste ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 melteth melt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 knees knee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 smite smite VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 20 together together ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 convulsion convulsion NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 27 det _ _ 27 loins loin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod _ _ 34 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 31 det _ _ 35 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 gathered gather VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 37 blackness blackness NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | end | | | | | empty *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | end *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | end *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **melt** | present | the heart | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **smite** | present | the knees | | | | | together *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is** | present | convulsion | | | all loins | | | tree rules | | 7 | **gather** | present · perfect | the faces of knees | blackness | | | | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blackness=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל־מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃ [Nahum 2:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.11/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:29` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.28/) - next →: [Nahum 2:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.30/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.11/)